According to EU statement more than 10 million people will benefit from new funding, with biggest share going to Ethiopia and Somalia and smaller amounts to Kenya, Uganda and Djibouti.The money released today by EU's executive arm will help provide food aid, including supplies for malnourished children, along with short-term support for farmers, including distribution of seeds and tools, statement added."In some parts of the world, a major catastrophe is brewing because growing numbers of people don't have enough food to survive," said EU Humanitarian Aid Commissioner Louis Michel, speaking on World Food Day."The Commission has responded to these urgent needs by dramatically increasing its food assistance to the most vulnerable," he also said.So far this year commission has provided 134.5 million euros worth of humanitarian aid for countries in the region, including 30 million euros to improve drought preparedness in the region.
Wednesday, October 22, 2008
15 million euro food aid for east Africa
According to EU statement more than 10 million people will benefit from new funding, with biggest share going to Ethiopia and Somalia and smaller amounts to Kenya, Uganda and Djibouti.The money released today by EU's executive arm will help provide food aid, including supplies for malnourished children, along with short-term support for farmers, including distribution of seeds and tools, statement added."In some parts of the world, a major catastrophe is brewing because growing numbers of people don't have enough food to survive," said EU Humanitarian Aid Commissioner Louis Michel, speaking on World Food Day."The Commission has responded to these urgent needs by dramatically increasing its food assistance to the most vulnerable," he also said.So far this year commission has provided 134.5 million euros worth of humanitarian aid for countries in the region, including 30 million euros to improve drought preparedness in the region.
Wednesday, October 15, 2008
"Millions more Ethiopians going hungry"
The UK-based humanitarian organisation today called on all donors to "respond generously to the worsening crisis as, according to the UN, the total aid effort is currently under-funded to the tune of US$ 260 million." The revised numbers of those needing emergency assistance was likely "to be a conservative estimate and does not include the 7.2 million Ethiopians so chronically poor that they receive cash or food aid from the government every year," Oxfam added.
"Today's figures, terrible as they are, show only half the picture. Over 13.5 million Ethiopians are in need of aid in order to survive. The number of those suffering severe hunger and destitution has spiralled. More can and must be done now to save lives and avert disaster," said Oxfam’s country director, Waleed Rauf.
"Compared with the funds going to shore up the global financial system the aid needed to save lives in Ethiopia is a drop in the ocean. The events of recent weeks clearly demonstrate that – with the right kind of political will and ambition - action is possible in the face of urgent needs. We need donors to demonstrate that same kind of urgency when responding to acute hunger and underlying vulnerabilities in places like Ethiopia," added Mr Rauf.
The NGO said it was particularly concerned about the situation for pastoralist communities in Afar and Somalinorthern areas the recent minor rains season was patchy and many people will remain dependent on aid until March next year when the next rains are expected. Further south, if the October/November rains are poor, people there would have to hold out until next July.
Numbers in need of help in the Somali region had doubled to nearly two million people since June, the new numbers showed. Those in need also were facing huge problems "due to loss of their livestock with an average loss of 60 percent of cattle, 50 percent of goats and 40 percent of camels."
In July, the UN's World Food Programme (WFP) had to reduce monthly cereal rations from 15kgs a person to 10kgs. WFP has only received one third of the funds it needs and has an immediate shortfall of 229,587 tonnes food for the next six months. The UN agency fears the impact of this will include increased malnutrition. The cut in food rations is also put in connection with rising world food prices; by March 2008, inflation of food prices in Ethiopia had reached 46.9 percent.
"A number of donor countries have already made substantial contributions to the humanitarian response in Ethiopia since the beginning of this year. This has helped to save people's lives, but now that the needs are increasing all donors must provide additional money," said Mr Rauf.
regions. In
Tuesday, October 7, 2008
Togo schools open after flood delays
Floods in the region had wrecked infrastructure, homes and crops and spreading diseases, prompting the United Nations Humanitarian Agency (OCHA) to call on West African governments to meet to coordinate humanitarian efforts and draw up longer-term solutions to the seasonal flooding threat. In September, heavy rains and floods across most West Africa had killed more than 30 people and made over 130,000 others homeless, OCHA said. Togo, Ghana, Niger, Benin, Mali, Burkina Faso and Senegal among the hardest hit countries. Last year, serious rainy season floods killed hundreds of people across Africa. As a sign of its commitment to make basic education accessible, the Togolese government announced the introduction of free school for children between six and nine. This is significant in a country where school attendance and quality of education had seriously dropped since 1990. The package will be available to parents who present their children's birth certificates to public schools. Already, parents in regions where children's births are not registered expressed worry. But the government said there is no cause for alarm, as efforts will soon be underway to ascertain the age of these children as well as issue them new birth certificates.
USDA DOE Release National Biofuels Action Plan; UN FAO Report Calls For Review of Biofuels Policies
Wednesday, September 24, 2008
Brazilian President Makes Case for Biofuels at UN
Leaders from all over the world have gathered at the United Nations in New York City for the annual high-level debate before the General Assembly. Part of that included the fuel-versus-food debate.In this article from the UN News Centre, Brazilian President Luiz In cio Lula da Silva disputed the idea that biodiesel and ethanol are the cause of high food prices and part of the reason for the recent world economic woes:He stressed that the world was facing many other equally serious matters, including the food crisis, the spike in energy prices, the deadlock on talks to reform internatio...
Tuesday, September 23, 2008
IFPRI: hungry Congo can become bread basket of the developing world
One Second Films for Social Change
Monday, September 22, 2008
EU offers $21 billion for trans-Saharan pipeline
The project, which stretches a distance of 4,300 kilometers across Sahara desert - Nigeria (1,050km); Niger (750km), and Algeria (2,500km) when completed will connect Nigeria’s gas reserves to Europe though Algeria’s Mediterranean coast.A top presidential source disclosed that EU’s latest expression of interest in project came amidst fears that Gazprom, a Russian gas company, might win contract as part of a strategy to tighten its grip on energy supplies to Europe. Gazprom has recently signed a memorandum of understanding with Nigerian government. EU energy commissioner Andris Piebalgs who visited Nigeria last week, admitted that European governments had been slow to back trans-Saharan pipeline in the past but said after Georgia conflict they had focused minds."In the EU, particularly after Georgia, there is also a lot of demand from member states to have diversification, real diversification, of supply. EU governments definitely are worried about having too strong a dependency on Russia," Mr Piebalgs said.Russia, which already supplies a quarter of gas consumed in EU, has sought to increase its control by seeking deals with producers such as Nigeria and Libya, and backing moves to form an OPEC-style gas cartel.Mr Piebalgs said EU was increasingly keen to promote trans-Saharan project as an additional option, perhaps by helping to fund feasibility studies and playing a co-ordinating role between host countries Nigeria, Niger and Algeria saying European Investment Bank could help finance the project.“We need to follow where the Nigerian government is leading us, and the Nigerian government is very clearly leading towards a pipeline. That means we should be more engaged in the trans-Saharan gas pipeline,” he said.President Umaru Musa Yar’Adua has expressed happiness with EU offer of assistance on proposed construction of Trans-Saharan gas pipeline from Nigeria to Algeria.The project was initiated by former president Olusegun Obasanjo government but appeared unattractive to foreign investors due to what members of Organised Private Sector (OPS) described as lack of seriousness on the side of Nigerian authorities.EU officials say the pipeline could supply 20 billion cubic metres a year of gas to Europe by 2016. The bloc consumes some 300 billion cubic metres a year but demand is projected to double by 2030, prompting a search for new sources from Caspian Basin to Iraq and Qatar as domestic production declines.
Thursday, September 18, 2008
Forests and deforestation in Africa- the wasting of an immense resource
US$31.1m loan to Mozambican farmers
According to IFAD, inefficient rural and agricultural markets seriously affect livelihoods of majority of rural population in northern Mozambique.A press statement released yesterday by body indicates that, "because of poor returns from surplus sales, smallholders adopt low-risk strategies, resulting in some of the lowest yields in southern Africa."It states that programme would improve terms of trade for smallholders, providing them with incentives to move out of semi-subsistence agriculture, adding that it would support 20 000 farmers in some 670 farmers' associations and 375 small-scale traders.Programme has been designed to encourage poorer members of community to participate, statement also added."Smallholders will be able to market their surpluses more profitably, thereby increasing income. Access to and participation in agricultural markets and value chains will be improved and efficient market intermediaries and effective partnerships will be established, stimulating increases in agricultural production," IFAD said.Since its formation in 1978, IFAD has provided $143.9 million in loans to nine programmes and projects in Mozambique.Two thirds of Mozambique's 20 million people live below poverty line, according to World Bank statistics.IFAD is an international financial institution and a specialised UN agency. It is a global partnership of OECD, OPEC and other developing countries. Today, IFAD supports more than 200 programmes and projects in 85 developing countries.
Speculation and Oil Prices
Predicting Possible Futures
The one clean-tech breakthrough that could lead to a core climate solution: Thermoelectricity
Wednesday, September 17, 2008
Africa profits from greenhouse gas offset scheme
Under Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), industrialised countries can offset some of their own greenhouse gas emissions to earn certified emission reduction credits.Some 600 participants from 60 countries attended the Carbon Forum in Senegalese capital, Dakar, including 36 government representatives responsible for initial approval of emissions offset projects. In one deal completed at the Forum, World Bank entered into an agreement with a local agency to spread use of energy-efficient light bulbs through rural Senegal.At the same time, several African countries pledged $20 million to go towards Africa Bio-fuels and Renewable Energy Fund, a public/private sector partnership tasked with assessing carbon offset projects."Much remains to be done in the form of awareness-raising and capacity-building before African countries can take full advantage of CDM, but progress is being made, and we saw it here," said Daniele Violetti of UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).The continent still accounts for only 27 of more than 1,150 CDM projects currently registered in nearly 50 developing nations, but that number is expected to grow.
Nigeria's Oil Violence Intensifies
Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta, in an emailed statement today said that it destroyed conduit in an uncommon daylight attack.If confirmed it would mark group's second attack in a 24-hour period. In recent days violence has flared across Nigeria's restive Niger Delta oil region.Nearly one quarter of Nigeria's daily production has been halt by attacks that have also shattered oil infrastructure, helping send oil prices to all time highs in international markets."Every group in region has dropped their differences and come together to fight a common enemy who has used the instrument of state and tactics of divide and rule to oppress region for five decades,'' said Jomo Gbomo MEND spokesman in a statement today.MEND threatened to make its range of attacks wider, so far concentrated in Rivers state, to other Niger Delta states and deep offshore oilfields such as Shell's Bonga and Chevron Corp.'s Agbami facilities.In a separate incidence, a naval vessel with 10 people on board was targeted by militants traveling in eight speedboats. However no naval personnel were killed in attack, said Lieutenant-Colonel Sagir Musa, a spokesman for region's joint military task force."Militants detonated dynamite, bombs and lobbed some pieces of hand grenades on facility,'' Musa said. ``It is feared that facility might have caught fire due to intense sporadic gunshots and massive dynamite and bomb explosions.''Shell officials weren't immediately available for comment.Latest attacks began on Sept. 13 when Nigerian soldiers and militants clashed in Elem-Tombia district, south of Port Harcourt, hub of Nigeria's oil industry.However militants have said troops had launched an air and marine offensive against its positions and declared an oil war targeting installations in region, which produces almost all of Nigeria's crude.While militants also clashed with soldiers near a Chevron oil field yesterday. Chevron spokesman Scott Walker said yesterday that incident near Idama oil field had no impact on production, which was already shut in for pipeline repairs. Attacks by armed groups in region have cut more than 20 percent of Nigeria's crude exports since 2006.Niger Delta People's Volunteer Force, which teamed up with other militants for latest attack said, MEND first took up arms in 2004 before reaching a peace deal with government a year later.Mujahid Dokubo-Asari, the leader, issued a statement with other delta militant leaders yesterday accusing military's actions in oil region.Nigeria has Africa's biggest hydrocarbon reserves, with more than 30 billion barrels of crude and 187 trillion cubic feet of gas and was continent's biggest crude exporter in July and August.West African country is the fifth biggest source of US oil imports according to Bloomberg data.Military task force charged with calming region launched a deadly attack on a militant base camp with landing craft, helicopters and airplanes on Saturday, prompting militants' declaration of fresh war against federal state on Sunday.
Tuesday, September 16, 2008
Tanzania approves 4 exploration farm-ins
Read more
THE HUNGER CRISIS IN AFRICA
After the launching of the campaign, spontaneous initiatives sprang up across the world in schools, colleges and community groups. There were vigils for the hungry, fund-raising events and letters sent to national governments urging action.
This page highlights the African countries which are currently suffering exceptional food shortages. A special 'Africa Hunger Alert' bulletin board will keep you up-to-date on the campaign's progress. ANGOLA
Since the April 2002 peace agreement finally brought a halt to Angola's almost three decade-long civil conflict, humanitarianorganisations have gained access to hundreds of thousands of malnourished people, who have been hiding in the countryside for the past years, beyond the reach of aid groups.
WFP's life-saving operations in the country have expanded rapidly to meet the extra needs. The Agency now feeds up to 1.8 million Angolans - an 80 percent increase compared to 2002.
WFP food aid is playing a vital role in the consolidation of Angola's peace process. Resettling IDPs, demobilized Unita soldiers and refugees returning from neighbouring countries all receive food aid to help rebuild their lives.
In addition to the emergency food aid, there is a progressive increase in rehabilitation projects, such as Food-for-Work, a tool that gives people access to productive activities while working on behalf of their community in various sectors, such as education, health, agriculture and infra-structure.
BURUNDI
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO
After four years of complex and devastating conflict, positive developments towards peace in DR Congo have helped stabilise the humanitarian crisis and curb astronomical death rates. Peace talks in South Africa have led to the withdrawal of most foreign forces, and have provided a framework for implementing a peace accord as well as a government of reconciliation. The UN military observer mission (MONUC) has started the long awaited disarmament programme for foreign soldiers. However, although the guns have fallen silent, more than half the people of DRC are still fighting for survival.The economic devastation resulting from the war has led to high malnutrition rates among internally displaced people (IDPs), refugees, children and the elderly. WFP is trying to feed 1.1 million people with urgent food aid.For four years, hundreds of thousands of these people have sought refuge from fighting in the bush and have been beyond the reach of humanitarian help. Today, they are emerging from their hiding places. Humanitarian organisations are working to feed the hungry, accompanying IDPs and refugees back to their villages and helping them to rebuild their lives. A more secure environment is helping access many pockets of isolated communities, but countless others remain cut off.
The peace process is presenting humanitarian aid workers with a window of opportunity to reach these hungry people - if the international community provides the resources.
ERITREA
Rainfall has been poor since October 2001, with the almost total failure of the March-June azmera rains and the late onset of June-September kremti rains, threatening the food security of thousands of farmers and pastoralists who make up most of the country's workforce.
The regions worst hit by drought and food shortages are the Northern Red Sea, Southern Red Sea and many parts of Anseba.
The 2002 harvest was 54,000 metric tons, about 20 percent of a normal harvest and only enough to cover 10 percent of Eritrea's national food requirement.
The Government appealed in November 2002 for a total of 477,000 tonnes of food aid for 2003. International response so far has been very limited.
To assist some 900,000 of the most vulnerable people affected by drought, WFP is trying to raise US$100 million for 2003, of which only 25 percent has been received. The number of people WFP can target with this limited amount of food has been slashed in half, to 450,000 - and food rations to these people have been reduced to 60 percent.
WFP is also trying to feed an additional 500,000 people, comprising those displaced by the war, refugees who have returned from Sudan, school children and other vulnerable groups. Funding shortfalls have also caused food aid ration cuts.
Eritrea is still recovering from a devastating border war with neighbouring Ethiopia. A large number of people, including farmers, are still displaced and thousands of soldiers have yet to be demobilized. The continuing resettlement of Eritrean refugees returning from Sudan is an extra strain on the country's resources.
Unexploded landmines, another legacy of the conflict, have rendered unusable an estimated 12,000 hectares in Debub and most of the sub-region of Lalai Gash in Gash Barka.
Due to the conflict, over one million people in the grain producing regions of Gash Barka and Debub were displaced; most are suffering low food production due to security and drought.
Conscription has caused an absence of younger men and women engaged in agricultural activities, which puts a further burden on households.
ETHIOPIA
Where food aid is not available, drought-hit farmers and herders are forced to resort to ever more desperate measures, such as selling off their belongings to buy food. Some farmers and pastoralists have started to migrate from the drought-hit areas into the main towns. This phenomenon is expected to increase further if distribution of food aid remains inadequate.
The nutritional status is already at unacceptable levels in some parts of Ethiopia, with high levels of moderate and severe malnutrition among children aged less than five.
Ethiopia will require substantial increases in food aid from March to May 2003 and will need to ensure that needs are covered until the next harvest later this year. Total food aid requirements for 2003 are estimated at 1.44 million metric tons (including cereals, blended food and vegetable oil) - valued at around US$500 million.
LESOTHO
The crisis was exacerbated by increasing poverty, soaring food prices, rising unemployment due to retrenchments in the South African mining industry and the fourth highest adult prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS in the world (31%).
Some 650,000 people will continue to require emergency food aid throughout the country - particularly in Qacha's Nek, Quthing and Mohale's Hoek - until at least May, when the cereal harvest should have finished.
However, thousands of households will continue to need food aid for some time to come due to another poor crop - the result of more erratic weather and environmental degradation.
ANGOLA
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-->MALAWIA
Forecasts predict that this year's harvest will be better than last year's, but hundreds of thousands of people will still require food aid.
With 60 percent of the population living below the poverty line, Malawi is likely to face an access crisis rather than a production crisis.
Many of the poorest and most vulnerable households will be unable to buy whatever food is available. In fact, according to official figures, 40 percent of Malawians can only afford half their daily requirements.
HIV/AIDS is also taking its toll with an estimated 16.4 percent of the adult population infected.
In April, 3.1 million people will receive food aid to ensure that farmers are not forced into harvesting their crops too early. After that, the number of beneficiaries will drop, but the situation will remain extremely fragile, necessitating continued food aid intervention throughout 2003..
Due to insufficient rains, it is very likely that this year's harvest will be even worse than last year's throughout the southern region and in parts of the central region.
The government's contingency plan for natural disasters estimated that the number of people who could be affected by the drought throughout the country could reach as high as 1.5 million.
For thousands of households, this will be their second - or in some cases third - successive year of shortages. Many of these families will have already exhausted their normal coping mechanisms.
Without food aid, the most vulnerable people may be forced to resort to more extreme measures - pulling their children out of school, selling assets, migration - all of which have negative long-term consequences.
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REPUBLIC OF CONGO
The situation in RoC has been volatile ever since hostilities erupted in 2002. Many thousands of people remain displaced by the fighting, and inaccessible to humanitarian agencies.Some people have succeeded in escaping the conflict area, and finding safety and shelter in camps. Others continue to hide in forests.Some 80,000 people were forced to flee their homes when violence broke out in the Pool region in March last year.. Three months later, another 20,000 people were displaced by attacks on Brazzaville. People were left with no choice but to walk for several days in the forest to avoid armed men before taking refuge in camps. Some families were separated, creating female-headed households and unaccompanied children. Living conditions both in the camps and urban centres is extremely precarious. Most IDPs lost everything in the fighting and are surviving off of relief food as malnutrition rates among the children and elderly rise. RoC is fighting its hunger against the backdrop of other tragedies: a 7.8 percent HIV/AIDS infection rate among adults and a recent outbreak of the deadly Ebola virus.In March, WFP provided food aid to large communities of people affected by Ebola in the Cuvette region. The virus is being brought under control, but a significant number of people have died. The authorities' efforts to isolate the spread of Ebola across the border have severely hindered internal trade in an area already struggling to survive.Many people in Cuvette rely on hunting.The virus also put a further strain on WFP's already limited resources to assist the people of RoC. The Agency struggles to feed some 34,000 IDPS who fled to the capital Brazzaville after the fighting in Pool. Groups that fled to other areas, such as Bouenza Plateaux and Niari Districts, have recently started to return home. Another estimated 60,000 people are still hiding, trapped in the forest for over six months and cut off from international assistance.WFP only has about one-third of the US$17 million it needs to respond. .
SUDAN
Two decades of armed conflict and recurrent droughts have left some 3.2 million Sudanese dependent on food aid for survival. The 20-year civil war between the Government of Sudan and the Sudan People's Liberation Army - the single most important cause of food insecurity in Sudan - has resulted in massive displacement of civilians, disruption of agricultural activities and destruction of socio-economic infrastructures in the country. The effects of the conflict were compounded by three successive years of drought. Emergency food aid is urgently needed in the drought-hit states of Red Sea, Darfur & Kordofan, where the inhabitants' coping mechanisms have been exhausted. Even where there is relatively good food production, insecurity & a weak marketing system restrict the cost-effective movement of goods into hunger zones.The recent Machakos peace initiative has brought renewed hopes for peace and improved humanitarian access to areas of Sudan. The agreement, signed in July 2002 between the Government of Sudan and SPLM/A to cease hostilities, was followed in October by a Memorandum of Understanding between the two parties and the United Nations which provides for unimpeded humanitarian access to all areas and people in need of assistance.While allowing aid to reach parts of Sudan, such as the Blue Nile, for the first time, there has been a simultaneous need for extra resources to support populations previously trapped by the conflict.
SWAZILAND
According to forecasts, this year's overall harvest will be around 40 percent less than normal. In some parts of the worst-affected Lowveld zone, many farmers are facing the prospect of a total crop failure.
Along with poor crop production, Swaziland is struggling with rising poverty (over 60 percent live below the poverty line), increasing unemployment (around 40 percent) and the devastating impact of HIV/AIDS (adult prevalence rate of 38.6 percent).
An estimated 152,000 people will require food aid over the next few months, but this figure is likely to increase dramatically over the course of 2003.UGANDADespite announcements of recent ceasefires, fighting and attacks on civilians in Northern Uganda continues, including raids by the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) rebels.on displacement camps and refugee settlements.The violence has left more than 800,000 people in urgent need of food aid - a significant increase on the 520,000 displaced people WFP was assisting in July 2002.Thousands of people have lost their homes and belongings. Crops across the region have been destroyed and harvests have been stolen or destroyed. In some cases farmers have not been able to plant because of the fear of being abducted or killed. This has left hundreds of thousands of people dependent on food aid for the foreseeable futureMany of the victims were already displaced people or refugees, living in absolute poverty in Adjumani, Gulu, Kitgum and Pader districts.
Despite the risks, which include attacks on WFP food convoys, albeit under heavy military escort, the Agency is still providing food aid to almost one million people in the north, including IDPs and refugees. However, a severe lack of resources recently forced the agency to slash rations by 70 percent of the daily food requirement for IDPs, and to 50 percent for the refugees. Emergency appeals to donors and the subsequent response have helped to remedy the situation, but the food pipeline remains fragile.At the same time. worsening drought in Karamoja district has prompted WFP to assist some 350,000 people until the next harvest is expected in June. If pessimistic rainfall forecasts prove correct, a greater number of people will need food aid as early as September 2003.
WEST AFRICA
Political crises and civil conflicts have plagued the Mano River countries – Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone and, most recently, Cote d’Ivoire – for many years, leaving a trail of hungry internally displaced persons and refugees in their wake.
It is estimated that 791,000 IDPs and refugees need food aid across the West Africa coastal region.Sierra Leone’s brutal war was officially declared over in January 2002, with the disarmament of 47,000 ex-combatants under a UN-brokered deal.But peace is fragile in the world’s poorest country and food aid is essential to ensure peace lasts as thousands of refugees try to rebuild their shattered lives.Fighting has once again flared up Liberia, forcing some 135,000 people to flee their homes. With no political solution in sight, the humanitarian situation is expected to remain critical throughout 2003.Many IDPs now live in abandoned buildings, warehouses and out in the open air. Others have crossed the border into Guinea, Cote d’Ivoire and Sierra Leone, threatening to further undermine these countries’ own chances of recovery.The situation is also tense in Guinea, where WFP is providing food aid to more than 90,000 Sierra Leonean and Liberian refugees. Tens of thousands of Guineans, mainly farmers forced to abandon their land by fighting, are also on the move. Cote d'Ivoire: until recently, Cote d'Ivoire was one of west Africa's most stable and prosperous nations. But last September 19's army mutiny has seen insurgents take over the north and centre of the country and the uprising is now threatening to spill over into a region-wide crisis.
The parties to the fighting are implementing a fragile peace agreement, but sporadic fighting continues.
Some 200,000 people are believed to have fled the second city of Bouake since insurgents captured it along with most of the north; another 120,000, mainly west African migrants workers, have crossed the border into Burkina Faso, Ghana, Guinea Conakry and Liberia.
In response to the unfolding crisis in Côte d'Ivoire and its humanitarian implications for neighbouring countries, WFP has launched a regional Emergency Operation to assist over 170,000 victims of the civil unrest. Life-saving operations in Cote d'Ivoire and neighbouring countries includes:Distribution of emergency rations for displaced people, refugees, asylum seekers and evacuees (people returning to their country of origin).
Curative interventions, such as therapeutic & supplementary feeding for severely and moderately malnourished children.
Emergency school-feeding for primary school children in areas affected by severe food shortage due to the conflict.
WESTERN SAHEL
The governments of Mauritania and the Gambia have already declared national disasters and appealed for emergency food aid.
Mauritania lies at the epicentre of the food crisis, with an estimated 420,000 people out of a total population of 2.7 million at risk of starvation.
First, a January storm killed tens of thousands of the livestock on which households depend for making it through Mauritania's hungry season.Then, in June & July, late, low and erratic rainfall delayed the start of the cropping season, possibly for good in some areas.
With farming communities across Mauritania already suffering from a poor 2001 harvest, the natural disasters have drained grain reserves and forced families to skip meals to cope with the food shortages.
Many people are borrowing money against the next harvest - whose outcome is likely to be poor - to pay for what little food can be found on rural markets.
Evidence of malnutrition now abounds in the form of exhaustion & loss of weight, night blindness, dehydration, diarrhoea and hunger-related deaths.
Cape Verde is also facing severe food shortages.
The harvest for 2002 was 23 percent less than in the previous year, and a recent food assessment showed that many families have eaten their seed reserves, leaving them nothing to plant in the next harvest.
In June and for the first time in more than 20 years, the Government appealed for international food aid to help cope with the increasing hunger and deteriorating living conditions.
MAURITANIA
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SENEGAL
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GAMBIA
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-->ZAMBIAAlthough Zambia's overall harvest is forecast to improve this year, parts of the southern region are facing another year of food shortages due to unfavorable weather conditions. Erratic rainfall resulted in the loss of significant crops, while pockets of the country also lost their crops due to flooding when the rains finally did come.
Zambia's agricultural production is hampered by the under-utilisation of the large amounts of available arable land and the abundant water resources.
Following the drought last year, 2.8 million Zambians required food aid up until the end of March 2003. This figure will fall dramatically in April as the harvest starts across the country, but hundreds of thousands of people will continue to need food aid, especially in the south.
The crisis in Zambia has been exacerbated by high levels of poverty and economic decline due to contractions in the crucial copper mining industry.
Even when the rural hungry can afford to buy food, Zambia's low population density means that they have to make an exhausting journey on foot over tens of kilometres just to reach the marketplace.When WFP Food-for-Work beneficiaries were recently asked whether they would prefer to be paid in cash for their labour, they responded that they preferred food as they would have nowhere to buy food with the money.
Zambia also has one of the highest adult prevalence rates of HIV/AIDS in the world - 21 percent. ZIMBABWEZimbabwe, which has normally been a food surplus country, has seen a sharp deterioration in its food security due to a combination of factors: erratic rainfall; a steep economic downturn combined with an equally sharp rise in staple food prices; the negative impact of the government's land reform programme; and the HIV/AIDS pandemic.
The longest dry spell in 20 years has made the food situation especially dire; this is compounded by the huge fall in maize production by commercial farmers, whose yield is normally five times greater than that of small landholders.
The scale of the needs in Zimbabwe during the last year was staggering. In March alone WFP distributed 60,000 metric tons of food aid to 4.7 million Zimbabweans.
Continuing hyperinflation and widespread job losses in agriculture and related industries are rendering large groups of people highly vulnerable.
An overwhelming 33 percent of the adult population is infected with HIV/AIDS. Thousands die each month from the disease. Maintaining proper nutrition is essential to delaying the onset of AIDS and keeping people productive, but the prevailing food shortages have made this very difficult. The pandemic has created a large number of orphans, who are being raised by elderly grandparents. HIV/AIDS is depleting the agricultural workforce, which in turn makes it harder for Zimbabwe to produce enough to feed itself.
Traditionally, Zimbabwe exported large amounts of food due to a vibrant commercial farming sector. But the land reform programme has resulted in a huge drop in maize production. In part, this is because the average yield of subsistence farmers is much lower than that of their commercial counterparts. Moreover, the land reform programme was launched just when the dry spell began.
Continuing hyperinflation and high unemployment are rendering large groups of the urban poor highly vulnerable. Staple foods such as maize and wheat are scarce on the open market, but available at exorbitant prices on the parallel market.
WFP is currently in the midst of assessing the number of Zimbabweans in need of food aid for the coming year.
Monday, September 15, 2008
Oil price higher as Hurricane Ike forces shutdowns
Egypt's crayfish invasion
Procambarus Clarkii: A blight, but maybe also a boon for Egypt's Nile.
That's because Egypt's best-known river is suffering from a crayfish invasion. Procambarus Clarkii to be exact. It's a native of Louisiana and relatively new to Egypt.
Now it's clawing and burrowing is damaging Nile river fishing and farming industries.
"In the 1980's somebody came to me and said that there was a new creature in the river Nile," says Khalil. "After two days of examination, we determined it was the fresh water crayfish. It has no natural predator in the Nile."
With no natural predator, scientists say, the crayfish was free to roam from where the Nile meets Egypt's Mediterranean coast, down toward the arid nation's border with Sudan.
The Nile's warm waters and abundant food supply helped the crayfish evolve, Khalil says, to reproduce at twice the rate of other species.
Food supply, Egyptian scientists argue, is the source of the problem - and oddly, a possible solution to a growing crayfish threat.
Nile fishermen despise the crayfish because it uses powerful double claws to cut through nets, and then help themselves to the catch of the day.
"In an hour, a half hour - just ten minutes - the crayfish can claw my fish to death," says Salah Zayed a 56-year old fisherman who says he's been tossing his nets into the Nile since he was a child. "My catch is worthless."
The Procambarus Clarkii species can also burrow up to three feet underground. Ain Shams University researchers say the crayfish infestation of burrows is causing segments of the Nile Delta's water canal network to collapse.
In a country where temperatures can soar above 105 degrees Fahrenheit, water is too precious an agricultural resource to leave to threat from small-clawed crustacean.
Many Egyptians so despite the crayfish, it is known locally as "the cockroach of the Nile."
Theories on just how the American crayfish found its way to the Middle East have reached urban legend status.
But it is widely accepted by scientists studying the crayfish invasion that this all started when an Egyptian businessman attempted to expand his fish farm industry by investing in shrimp.
"He bought what he thought were [shrimp] eggs to hatch in his fish farm," Khalil says with a wry smile.
"When they hatched into crayfish, they ate all the fish, then burrowed through mud partitions into neighboring fish containments and ate those fish too."
As the story goes, the businessman was so enraged that he took the crayfish and dumped them in the Nile.
From blight to disease defense
Khalil and other researchers at Ain Shams University's zoology department are looking at the bright side.
Khalil has joined with American research institutions to determine there is an unexpected benefit to the crayfish invasion -- the crustaceans are a natural defense against bilharzia, a parasitic disease that can cause damage to human organs.
Bilhariza is spread by a Nile river snail that carries the bilharzia larvae. The larvae can penetrate human skin -- most easily when people living along the Nile river wade through stagnant riverbanks.
Despite decades of government awareness campaigns -- Egypt's legendary singer Abdel Halim Hafez died of bilharzia complications in 1977 -- the water-born disease still affects millions of Egyptians. As Egyptian Bilharzia Institute researcher Karem El Homossamey walks along the Nile's west bank outside of Cairo, he points a few Egyptian women calf-deep in the water, washing carpets.
Prime candidates, he says, for catching the bilharzia infection.
"We must give more attention to public awareness -- and the importance of the crayfish to make the people of the Nile like it and put it everywhere," El Homossamey says.
El Homossamey says it's because the bilharzia snail is the crayfish's favorite treat. Ain Shams University ecologist research seems to back that claim.
"We put some fish, lamb, plants, dead chicken -- we found the first thing [the crayfish] selected was the snail, because the shell is very thin," Khalil says.
He argues areas of the Nile where there are more crayfish, human bilharzia infection rates are low. Khalil is telling crayfish awareness workshop participants that the crayfish is the answer to spiraling food prices.
High in protein and cheap to buy, crayfish by the kilogram is making its way to Cairo's street markets. Khalil encourages fisherman to set crayfish traps in their fishing areas, to keep the crayfish out of their nets.
Sponsored by a grant from the United Nations Development Agency, Khalil's workshops include a buffet tasting of crayfish cuisine, including a crayfish boil that could put New Orleans to shame.
But judging by the frowns on the faces of some fishermen and farmers, it is clear it's hard from some workshop participants to shake the cockroach connotation.
According to the Louisiana Crayfish Promotion and Research Board, the crayfish meat industry is responsible for a $120million/year impact on Louisiana's economy. Khalil says if Egypt can develop a similar industry, the profits could be considerable.
"You see in Louisiana they are eating it, cooking it -- there are many festivals for the crayfish. We need to do the same here," Khalil says.
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Wednesday, September 10, 2008
UN warns of Ethiopia food crisis
The UN's senior aid official has called for greater international efforts to help millions of Ethiopians suffering from a severe drought.
About eight million people need urgent food relief and another 4.6 million need emergency assistance, accoring to the UN's Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA).
John Holmes, the UN's undersecretary-general for humanitarian affairs and emergency relief, said on Monday: "The response has been good in some ways, but we have a long way to go."
The World Food Programme (WFP) said people were coping by cutting down on the number of meals they eat, selling farm tools and other assets such as livestock and withdrawing their children from school so they can help find food.
A lack of rain in the main February to April wet season has left at least 75,000 Ethiopian children under age five at risk from malnutrition, OCHA said.
"In terms of the urgency of the food crisis, the risk of children dying of severe malnutrition is the most urgent," Holmes said on his way to a southern Ethiopian region devastated by the drought.
The UN appealed in June for $325.2m mainly for drought victims. Only 52 per cent of the appeal has been met.
Lost harvests
In Arba Minch, about 500km south of the capital, Addis Ababa, farmers said they were waiting for emergency support to feed their families.
The UN children's fund (Unicef) representative in the impoverished African country said the effects of the failed rains and rampant food inflation may drag on.
"The previous rains failed badly. It is very clear that many people in Ethiopia will continue to face problems in terms of food security," Bjorn Ljungqvis said.
The southern region of Oromiya has also been badly hit, 6,700 children were diagnosed as suffering from severe malnutrition in early August.
Ethiopia suffered severe floods last year which destroyed most of the food crop. This year the drought has worsened the situation and food prices have soared by 330 per cent.
Tens of thousands of residents in Boricha, southern Ethiopia, queue regularly for relief food at distribution sites.
Holmes says the risk of children dying of malnutrition is the most urgent [AFP]Of the 45,000 locals in need of food, only 38,000 are receiving help due to low government supplies, according to aid groups.
Soaring commodity prices have worsened the crisis.
In May, the WFP said the price of staples such as maize and sorghum, a cereal grain crop, had increased by about 90 per cent in less than a year, while wheat increased by 54 per cent between September 2007 and February 2008.
In recent years, Ethiopia has suffered alternate flood and drought disasters that has affected millions of people.
Holmes said on Monday relief operations were underway across the country, "but we need to make sure it reaches everyone".
"We need to make sure that [food shortages] don't degenerate into a famine that we've seen before," he said.
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Tuesday, September 9, 2008
The Next Superheroes (Part II) - Millions of Them
How can we address the energy crisis, the economic crisis and the climate crisis in one swoop? By investing in clean energy, according to a new report by the Political Economy Research Institute (PERI) at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst. The report, released today by labor, environmental and policy groups (including NRDC) shows that investing in clean energy systems like wind and solar power, rapid transit and energy efficiency creates nearly four times as many jobs as investing in more oil production. The job-generating power of clean energy is due to the fact that it i...